Itihas / Jati

Bangladesher Jati

Bangladesher utthon ebong er adhunik kathamokkhon landscape.

Angsho I:

1971 Sale Bangladesh er Utthona

1971 sale Bangladesh-er utthona fankha theke uthe ni; seta emon ekta onchol-e bisphorito hoyechilo jekhane porichoy, bichardhara ebong bhug-rajnoitik anugoto birodhi hoye uthechilo. Porosprobirodhi jatiyo dristibhongi, birodhi rajnoitik matobad ebong uchho-jhukir Cold War koshol-er ekta odhorsho mishron protiti shiddhanto-ke roop diyechilo. India, ekta somprodayoto rajjo je Hindu songkhagoristho jonsongkha porichalona korchilo, hatat nijer dike emon ekta songkoter mokabela korlo je South Asia-r rajniti-r protita fault line-ke shokriyo kore uthechilo. Soviet Union, anusthanik bhabe nirishwor ebong Marxist-Leninist matobad-e porichalito, India-r sobcheye bharosyojogbo bahirik partnar hoye uthe. Pakistan, jara songhat-ke dhormiyo, kousholik ba adorshobad-i dristibhongi theke dekhechilo emon mitro-der shohajjote, bhonggoporyonto protirodh korechilo. Ei obosthate India kendriyo abhineta hote cheyechilo na; manobbiporjoyer porimap ebong oi muhurt-er bhug-rajnoitik chapor tar hat jor korechilo.

Bharat-er modhye, rajniti-guru ebong nagorik guli jore jore jukti kore. Konek manush sothyo dabi kore, Pakistan ebong tar shoktishali bahirik mitro-der sathe boro sainik poriborton-er bhoye. Arekjon guli bole kichhu na kore ekanno nirdosh-er nirdosh-er porishkar korechi ebong sthir, noshtokori sharnarthi-er onushthan korte hobe. New Delhi-r somprodaiyoto netritwo ekta kothin noitik ebong rajnoitik bipod-er dike jay, Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, ebong Christian guli ek shathe banchito.

Tara choto-choto, sothyo paash diye shuru kore. Bharat Mukti Bahin-ke gupto sahajjo dey, sidhdhanto Bengali gerilla-guli sidhdhanto kore ebong shastro diye. Ei kom-intensity campaign Pakistani sainik manoromo-ke aste aste kore fele ebong desher odhikari abhibhujitor bhoy-ke duniya-ke samne prakasherito kore. 1971 saler majhe, New Delhi ekta kothin toettho shikar kore: rajnoitik samadhan kora jay na abhijojito sainik shoshon er sathe.

Tarpor boro rajnokitik poriborton-ta eshe. August-e, Bharat Soviet Sangher sathe Shanti, Mitro, ebong Sahajjo Chukti-er saath signed kore. Sposhto kore dekhi: Moscow ei chukti sangskritik sneher sathe kore nai. Tara eta kore karon Pakistan China ebong Amerika-r sathe kachakachi royeche, Kremliner duto shatru. Ei chukti Bharat-ke shotti rajnokitik gonjil diye, New Delhi-ke chinita chara kaj korte diye, Cheener sainik ba Amerikari jahaj-guli Bangh-er modhye kotha bolte na pare.

Pakistan 3 December-ebong joruri hawa akromon diye puro juddho shuru kore. Bharat turonto sahajjo kore. Sainik byabostha Mukti Bahin-ke Mitro Bahin-er sathe jure, ekta jukto bal toiri kore, bhalo sthaniyo gyan ebong boro nagorik sahajjo-er sathe. Bharater shonir bhalo kaj kore. Tara Pakistani ghumonjo muche fele, jol-jatra line muche fele, ebong Dhaka-r dike dour. Rajdhoni trisho-der modhye pore. Eta shudhu sainik bijoy noy; eta rajnoitik bhougol porichoyer purno rupoantor kore ebong bishwas muche fele je dhormiyo porichoy matro Pakistan-ke ekti rakhte pare.

Kintu, Bharat Poshchim Pakistan-ke purno vabe muchhe fele na. Bharat-er modhye shakha-guli bole labh-ta shudhu dite hobe, sthir, chirokalin shatru-ke purno vabe muchhe fele dite hobe. Washington ebong Beijing-er chap sheshe New Delhi-ke rokhe dilo. Itihashlok ei move niye aj-o jukti kore. Konek manush setake adarjyo noitikota hishebe prashansa kore je obhijojito abhijit muchhe fele, arekjon guli bole eta ekta boro sujog noshto kore Pakistan-ke abar shokti diye desher noshto kore. 1971 saler juddho Bharat-ke ekta bipod shomonnoyok ebong abhijukto muktidata hishebe porikkha kore, manusher kosto ebong boro rajnoitik bipod-er majhe bishleson kore. Seta poroborti South Asia-ke purno vabe porinoto kore, ajke dekha rajnoitik birodhline toiri kore.

Ummah Shokto: Kibhabe Islamic Bloc Bangladesh-ke Bichar Korlo

1971 sale, Bengali swadhinota juddho bishshor Islamic unnota-er boro shabder upor ekta noshto kore. Pakistan-er sainik shoshon bishshor Islamic shomuday-ke byakhya korechilo je eta loktantra, manusher odhikar, ba bhashar juddho noy. Er boddhe, eta bolechilo eta Islam-ke rokhar juddho je Awami League toiri korechilo, bishshor sobcheye boro Muslim rajjyo bhongar jonno.

Madhya Pashchim-er shashon ebong dritti andolan guli eta shikar korechilo karon eta tader dike bhalo vabe mel kore. Tara ekti kothin monobritti theke kaj korechilo je ekta Muslim-er shashon-er rajjyo-ke ekok rakha beshi guruttopurno, ekta jatigoto minority-er odhikar-er theke. Muslim Brotherhood-er moto goshti-guli Muslim vessel-ke rokhar upor kendro-baddho. Tara sob rajjyotantrer jonmo-ke ekta bibhhor, somprodaiyoto pashchimi truk mone kore. Tai, Ummah-er dharona Bengali-er biruddhe ekta hashar hote. Dhormiyo netritwo Bengali-ke bolechilo swadhinota chawa dhormiye biruddhe karon eta ekta Muslim rajjyo bhenge fele.

Folita chhilo East Pakistan-e lok-nirdosh-er somoy Islamic duniya-r ekta noshto, noshto chup. OIC sakriyo vabe Bangladesh-ke muche fele, lokkho Muslim-er pran-er theke ekta rajjyer bhougolik sima pasand kore. Bengali-der jonno, je prai Muslim-i chilo, eta ekti bhoyonkor aghat chhilo. Tara bujhechilo tader dhormiyo bandhota taderke bishshor Islamic duniya theke kono surakkha ba sompriti dey na. Jokhon beshi guruttopurno chhilo, tader mul sahajjo eshechilo Hindu somuho Bharat ebong somprodaiyoto, Soviet bloc theke.

Ei noshto ashol-e ashol na. Eta bishshor sthiti-hin Muslim manusher proti porichito poriborton-r sathe mel khay. Kurdish swadhinota juddho ekta porishkar protiti. Bengali-der moton, Kurdish-der o nijer bhasha ebong sangskriti ache. Kintu tader desh-er abhijog Muslim somuho desh-guli theke biruddhe: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, ebong Syria.

1971 sal ekta dhordo diye dekhe. 1971 sale 12 March-e Turkish sainik ekta memorandum diye nijei sarkar ke padachyuto kore, Kurdish-der biruddhe sidhdhanto kore, shromok-r party ke "bibhoktokari" kormo-er diye bondho kore ebong Kurdish pradesh-e martial law lagano. Eita Pakistani sainik-er ekta porishkar katha-chitrai: rajjyo abar toiri kora odhikar muche fele. Duti jagai, elite-guli dhormiyo niti byabohar kore purono bhougol porichoy-ta rokhe rakhar jonno.

Ekhane ekta bhishon sotti uthe: bishshor Islamic sompriti rajnoitik boktritay bhalo vabe kaj kore, kintu ashol manobodhikar sahajjo-er jonno kaj kore na. Dhormiyo dritti-guli bhougol porichoy-ke mone kore, lok-ke na. Tara Muslim-er biruddhe kaj kore vessel-ke rokhar jonno, seta-i okonno. Bangladesh-er jonno, 1971 saler bibhoktota sob kichhu porinoto kore. Setar fole praman kore je banchte somprodaiyoto juddho lage, tar nijer bhasha-er upor kendro-baddho, ebong dhormiyo bandhota-er theke beshi shareejer obostha-er upor kendro-baddho. Tara shikhechilo bishshor rajniti Realpolitik-er upor chole, jekhane swadhinta ebong sima-i ekmatro mull. Adhunik duniya rajjyo-ke rokhar jonno toiri, manusher na. Kurdish ba Bengali-ke dekho, shikkha-ta: Rajjyo Faith-er theke beshi shoktishali, ebong beshi nirdoshto.

Amerika: Naitikota ba Rajniti-er Bikri-r Itihas

Richard Nixon ebong Henry Kissinger 1971 sale East Pakistan-e ekti manusher bipod dekhenni. Tara ekta chessboard dekhlo. Nixon White House-er jonno Pakistan chhilo Beijing-er dorkari gupto setu. Nixon-ke Pakistani President Yahya Khan lage Mao Zedong-er dike rajnoitik jol rokhe rakhar jonno, se tar desk-e joma bhorapurno bhoyonkor report-guli muchhe fele.

Archer Blood, Dhaka-y US Consul General, chup thakte rajji hoyni. Se famous "Blood Telegram" pathiye, bishal, jwali birodhi pathan, bish-khokhok staff-er sakkhotite. Tara sidhdhanto sainik abhibhujito-ke genoside bole bolechilo ebong sarkarer chup-ke prashno korechilo. Nixon typical thana diye pratikriya korechilo: Blood-ke muchhe fele ebong Washington-e tule ane, Amerikari udhesho kothay ache seta poshthito kore.

Tarpor Nixon Amerikari bal diye USS Enterprise, boro nongedok carrier, Bangh-er dike pathiye. Eta chhilo rajnokitik, poranodiner shastro diplomacy je Bharat-ke bhoy diye rokhar jonno. Eta purno vabe befal hoy. Bharat khokharo noy. Er boddhe, Soviet Sangh turonto tader nijei nongedok carrier ebong submarine pathiye Vladivostok-er Pacific Fleet theke, Amerikari fleet-ke ghire roye.

White House puro duniyake ekta maha shakti bipod-er dike tule ane Pakistan-ke rokhar jonno, je rajjyo tader nijei nirdosh-ke nirdosh kore. Nixon-er 1971 saler ekta porishkar katha-chitrai set badhe dey ekta chirokalin obostha-er dike. Pakistan Amerikari rajnoitik nirdosh-er jonno abhijukto partner hoye thake. Arsho dhore Amerika roughly 70 billion dollar Pakistan-e invest kore, mudrar tara ekmushe shuru hoy 1980 sale, abar 9/11-er por. Coalition Support Funds blank check-er moto kaj kore counter-terrorism-er jonno, prai kono bhalo sharto chara. Aj-o, ei boro sahajjo legacy rajnoitik sthirata-ke bishal vabe bibhranto kore.

Nixon-er 1971 saler katha-chitra set badhe Amerikari rajniti-er jonno. Jokhon manusher odhikar ke "rajnokitik asset"-er shathe bikri koro, tahole ekti khokhro, bishal kharcha laga partnership kincho. Amerika China-er dike poth toiri kore, kintu South Asia-r naitik odhikar purno vabe bikri kore fele.

China: Bhougol Porichoy-r Abaduloto Rakhi

Beijing 1971 sale Bengali-der bipod-ke kono khamata dekhenni. Tara dekhlo Moscow-er shathe ekta boro chess match. Kremlin-er Bharat-ke sahajjo Chinese netritwo-ke laglo ekta porishkar khamota abhijog-er moto. Mao Zedong ebong tar andorider bhablo Bharat-er muktijuddho-er sathe mitrota Soviet-er agunir moto China ke dakshin theke chepe fellar jonno. Tai, China Pakistani shoshon-r Yahya Khan-ke sahajjo kore, biraat sainik pathar chhara.

Beijing boro poriman sainik shastro Pakistan-e pathiye Islamabad-er yuddho byabostha chalate. United Nations-e Chinese diplomat-guli din-raat kore Bangladesh-er swadhinota andolan-ke "Soviet shoshamijik abhijugto bibhoktota" hishebe dekhate. Tara bole eta swadhinta-er juddho noy, ekta obaid, bahirik abhijog ekta rajjyer biruddhe.

Pakistan-ke ekok rakha boro puroshkar chhilo. China-er jonno Islamabad chhilo Bharater khamota-er viruddhe ekmatro bharosayon balance ebong Washington-er dike gupto setu. Pakistan-er sahajjo chara Nixon-er China breakthrough purno vabe stuck hoye jeto.

Kintu, China nijei lroy ni. Soviet sainik Cheener shima-r upor porishkar chilen ebong Beijing janlo je Bharatiya sainik-ke akromon korle Red Army-er sathe bipod-er mukhe pora jabe. Er boddhe, ta shastro bikreta ebong rajnokitik gonjil hoye roilo, Pakistan-er sainik ke purbo-er purno porajoy muchhe fele.

Ei mitrota adhunik itihas-er sobcheye sthiro rajnokitik chukti-er modhye ekta hoye uthe. China bujhechilo Pakistan-ke rokhe, Bharat-ke sthir vabe byasto rakhte pare, tar sainik-ke shima-r upor boro angsho bindu korte. Aj, ei "sob-weather friendship" bishal arthonitik jol-er jol-e grow kore. CPEC-er modhye, Beijing roughly 65 billion dollar invest kore 2015 sale power plant, road, ebong Gwadar-er rajnokitik gamuk port-er jonno.

Arthonitik obostha porishkar kormo-er sathe. Anek din, China Pakistan-er ultimate lender hoye uthe. Jokhon Pakistan-er foreign exchange shukhiye jay, Beijing central bank swap ebong SAFE deposit diye rajjyo noshto hote dey na. 2026 sale shuru-er dike, Pakistan-er total bahirik rinn roughly 137 billion dollar ebong Chinese prashthan 22 shatangsho-er beshi.

Chinese bank-guli ei rinn muche fele na. Kichhu pashchimi sahajjo program-er biruddhe, Beijing "loan rollover" pasand kore. Tara shomoy badhiye dey, artho-sholliye Islamabad-e ar beshi byaj jome kore. Konek choto, byaj-mukto sarkari rinn muche fele, kintu boro power project-er shathe jukto commercial rinn abar ekton shokto roye.

2026 sale shuru-er dike, China Pakistan-er mul foreign direct investment-er strot, poricher shorir net FDI inflow-er adhik. Beijing-er obostha Pakistan-ke banchiye rakhar commitment purno. Islamabad-ke tar arthonitik jal-e bandhiye, China poranodiner Cold War mitrota-ke chirokalin rajnokitik obostha-ye rupoantor kore: tar Gwadar port surakkhito ebong ekta bharosayon, birodhi shosho bharata-ke pakhiye rakhe.

Pakistan: Nijer Khrunker Systemic Gothona

Pakistan-er 1971 saler bipod shudhu kono kharap sainik porajoy noy; eta chhilo ekta purno, upor theke nicher systemik noshto. Bish bochor beshi, ekta choto goshti sainik general, karmachari, ebong dhoni bhumihara desh-take bechok mojuri-er moto chalano. Tara 1970 saler sadharon nirbachon, desher itihas-er prothom prakritik vote, ekta nosto bodhag-er moto mone kore, proshno-tar na. Jokhon Sheikh Mujibur Rahman-er Awami League purno shonsodho labh kore, Poshchim Pakistan-er elite loktantra kaj korte dekhe na; tar bodle tar nijer astitwa bipod-er dike takalo.

Tader abostha thakar odhikar muche fele na, ebong Operation Searchlight bhoyonkor agun uthe. 1971 sale 25 March-er ratre shuru, eta kono sothyo sainik move noy. Eta chhilo sidhdhanto Bengali shomaj-ke katkar jonno tank ghusiye Dhaka University-te professor ebong chhatro-guli muchhe fele. Seta shasaner bahano muchhe fele, ekta bhoy-er campaign shuru kore je puro Bengali manobor-ke sidehanto kore, je shomohoto hoye shudhu upojatio swadhinta chara noy.

Rajnokitik dike, juddho-ta nijer toiri bipod. Poshchim Pakistan-er sreni bhablo je tar purbo dig-ke rokhe rakhte pare shudhu joruri obhijit diye. Tara bujhe nai je tader sainik-guli purno vabe alhada ebong birodhi, jol-bhorito, brishti-bhorito duniya-e alhada. Tara thik foreign abhijok-er moto byabohar korechilo nijer desher modhye.

Er boddhe, sainik guli purno board-er upor abar poriborton korte ekta birodhi, boro jukti shuru kore. 1971 sale 3 December-e, tar chengiz khan operation shuru kore, Bharatiya hawa-ghater upor joruri hawa akromon kore. Tara Israel-er 1967 sale-er famous surprise-er moto copy korte chey, ekta suddenly aghat diye Bharatiya hawa-bahini-ke muchhe fele. Amerikari "tilt" taderke ei abar shastro muchhe fele confidence diye. Washington-er rajnokitik gonjil ebong Bangh-e nongedok carrier-er promise General Yahya Khan-ke bishwas diye se bipod-er dike muchhe fele. Jukti purno vabe befal hoy; Bharatiya hawa-bahini move-ta aggei bujhe almost kono khoti pabe na, ebong Pakistan ghuntor modhye bipod-e dhorte hobe je bipod ta purno vabe sthir korte.

1971 sale 16 December-e pothom nirbodhoddho nirbodh, desh-take purno vabe bishonno kore. "Duto Rajyer Siddhanton", je dhormiyo porichoy-i Pakistan-er rajnoitik porichoy define kore, toettho-er bojha-er niche noshto hoye gelo. Ek Muslim somuho nijei Muslim-er shashon theke muchhe berote juddho korechilo. Monoshik bhoy 93,000 Pakistani sainik ke juddho-bondi hishebe dekhar sathe eshe. Anek pherote eshe sainik-guli tar career noshto ba reputation noshto hoye, ofr corps-er modhye sthiro birodh muchhe fele.

Loktantra toiri korte shikhar bodle, ei bhoy shashon elite-ke abar shoshon dike uthe. Aro rajjyotantrer muchhe yar bhoye, sarkar nijer desher adhunik andolan-ke notun nirdoshheto diye muchhe fele. Parajoy sainik-ke sthir, ultimate rajnokitik obostha-ye rakhe, noshto bhoy-er ekta gombhir sangskriti toiri kore je aj-o Islamabad-er rajnoitik ebong birohine rajniti kore.

Ei 1971-er por systemik poriborton-er angsho hishebe, rajjyo abar ekti kothin, conservative Islam-er ponrashon kore. General Zia-ul-Haq-er shashon porbe ei prokriya tez kore, prakritik darsotay Islam-er porishkar ponrashon sthir kore. Ei dhormiyo poriborton sainik-er jonno bhalo vabe kaj kore: ekta bhagna desh-er jonno ideolozhi er madhyom, ebong "porishkar" bhakti-er katha-chitra toiri kore, je somprodaiyoto Bengali-der sathe bibhinno. Sainik-er rajnoitik obostha dhormiyo daittobolita-er shathe muchhe fele, desher rajnoitik birodhi-ke effectively muchhe fele. Aro dhormiyo sobhota notun patrier porikkha hoye uthe.

Ei nijer poriborton bikri shuru kore bishal poriman bahirik mudra, je bibhinno uddesho-er sahajjo kore. Saudi Arabia Pakistan-er boom-er madrasa network-er dike boro poriman sahajjo pathiye. Ei invest shudhu class room-er modhye thake na. Pakistan ei ideolozhi assembly line, Amerikari ebong Saudi mudra-er sathe, bikri padoshi Afghanistan-er modhye ekta soshok gerilla bal toiri kore. Amerikari gyan byabostha prothome bhalo vabe mone kore karon eta Soviet-ke khoti kore, Islamabad-er madhyome mudra-er sahajjo pathiye Pakistani sainik-ke mujahideen chalate. Kintu ei komdino rajniti ekta monster toiri kore je sheshe nijer toirik-ke ghure ashe. Pakistan Afghanistan-er dike shosho sthir korte pare kintu bipod-tar fole bipod-er jonmo hoy. Amerika Soviet-ke mukti pete, kintu khali sthan-er fole bishsho noshto-er utthan bishsho bipod-er jonmo diye, bishshor pashchim-ke onkho din dhore jhokra dibe.

Pakistan-er derdin banchte thakar rajniti nirdoshheto-er upor bhitti kore. Tara shudhu mitro ney; tara mitro-ke muchhe fele. Islamabad pachash bochor dhore nijer dike South ebong Central Asia-r dorkari rajnoitik nirdoshheto hishebe toiri kore. Ei obostha Washington, Beijing, ebong Tehran-ke thanda dorbhota-er saath porishkar vabe byabohar korte dey. Tara ei somporko chirokalin mitrota noy, shudhu rajnoitik bikri-er moto mone kore.

Thakur porishkar vabe bojhai je Pakistani prashthan sobchye pratham rajjyo banchte beshi guruttopurno, kono mitro-er theke. Tara "upor diye noshto hoye uthe" ke ekta shilpo-er moto kore fele. Jokhon desh noshto hobar dike ba purno vabe antorjatik poradhibostha-er dike jay, tara arekta rajnoitik shakti khuje je Pakistan-ke noshto hote dey na. Nijer dike rajnokitik bottleneck hishebe toiri kore, tara bishsho shakti-ke baddho kore Pakistan-ke chalate mudra diye. Tara ekti system toiri kore je jekhane tader birodhi kormer kharcha mitro-er haate jay.

Soviet Chhaya

Soviet Sangh 1971 sale puro rajnoitik bipod hishebe kaj korechilo. Moscow-er jonno ei bipod sthaniyo Bengali swadhinta-er sathe kom lage; eta chhilo Washington ebong Beijing duto ke ek sathe muchhe fele. Kothin Sino-Soviet birodh Kremliner monobritti sashon korechilo. Pakistan Henry Kissinger-er Beijing-er gupto setu hishebe kaj korechilo, tai Soviet guli Islamabad-er kono bijoy ke tader nijer rajnoitik sthan-er upor sidhdhanto aghat mone korechilo. Tara urote hobe.

Moscow tader United Nations-er veto ke ekta rajnokitik hata-r moto byabohar kore. December-jure, Amerika ebong tar mitro-guli frantically jolito obostha-ke dhararResolution pathiye. Tara chahchilo juddho-sthiti sthir rakhte, effectively Pakistani bal-ke noshto hote muchhe fele Bharater kaj korte na pare. Soviet diplomat-guli eshe ei Resolution-guli muchhe fele. Ei obostha-diye, Moscow Bharatiya sainik-ke exactly shomoy diye je shomoy-ta Dhaka ke ghire roye ebong purno nirbodhoddho nirbodh muchhe fele dite.

Tarpor bipod diplomatic kotha-barta theke Bangh-er dike jure boro bipod-er dike jay. Jokhon President Nixon Task Force 74, nuclear-powered USS Enterprise-er netritwe, Bangh-e pathiye, se New Delhi-ke bhoy diye abhijit rokhar chahchilo. Soviet khokharo noy. Tara turonto tader nijei nongedok cruiser ebong submarine pathiye Vladivostok-er Pacific Fleet theke.

Ei abhijukto nongedok porishkar-er porishkhar ekta shikkha chhilo. Soviet jahaj-guli sidhdhanto American task force-er pother upor roye, ekta porishkar lal rekha toiri kore. Nixon White House-er dike borossho borossho message: jodi Amerikari sainik Pakistani bal-ke rokhar jonno hastokhep kore, tahole tara Soviet Sangher sathe sidhdhanto juddho-r modhye pravesh korbe. Bipod-er bhoye, bipod-er modhye porar bhoye, Amerikari jahaj pichone jay, shudhu ekta kothin pradarshini diye. Eta Bharatiya sainik-ke purbo-dig-e kono bahirik hastokhep chara kormo shesh korte diye.

Ei boro jukti Moscow ebong New Delhi-er modhye ekta gombhir, anek porjayer rajnokitik mitrota sthir kore. Setar fole praman kore je rajnoitik shakti-guli tader sobcheye guruttopurno labh rokhite pare ekta maha shaktir upor depend hoye. Bangladesh-er jonno, soviet-er nongedok gonjil chhilo janmo ebong lombo, raktakto obhijukto-er modhye porar modhye farak.

Israel: Gupto "Chup Mitro"

Israel-er chupsthito abhijog 1971 saler juddho-r sahajjo ekta porishkar obhigrahan. Jerusalem biporit South Asian bipod-ke dekhe nijer labher lens-er dike. Pakistan bhongar sahajjo arthat ekta birodhi Arab bloc-er boro khamota ke komiye. Israel-ke ekta sujog diye Bharat-er moto utthan rajjyo-er sathe mitrota korte ebong ekta birodhi-er rajnokitik gonjil muche fele.

Ei gupto mitrota shastro-er sathe. Israel bhoyonkor sainik shastro, bishesh kore boro 160mm mortar ebong bishesh golobar, sidhdhanto Bharater haate pathiye. Tara eta gupto tritiyo-pokhker madhyome pathiye, porishkar erakom lage na. Shastro-er baire, Israeli gyan guli sidhdhanto Bharatiya sainik ke obhijit kormo-er sathe sahajjo kore purbo-dik-er obostha-er sathe.

Ei gupto yuddho-kalir mitrota Bharat ebong Israel-er modhye ajker boro, bahu-pokhher rajnokitik mitrota-er bhitti toiri kore. 2026 sale, South Asian padoshi-der modhye porisar bishal. Bharat ebong Israel tader mitrota "Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity" hishebe unnoto kore. Prime Minister Modi-r porishkar visit-er somoy, duto rajjyo adhunik shastro production, AI-driven defense, ebong cybersecurity-er shathe jukto hoy. Tara shudhu shastro alhada kore na; tara milke toiri kore ebong boshpo kore, Israel-er technology ebong Bharater boro-shorir shilpo milke.

Bangladesh, erakom, purno alhada rajnokitik duniya-e banchhe. Israel 1971 sale Bangladesh-er muktir prothom chinhon kora rajjyo-gulir modhye ekta chhilo, kintu duto rajjyo purno poradhibostha. Dhaka tader birohine rajniti OIC-er kothin rajniti-er sathe bondho rakhe. 2026 sale shuru-er dike, Bangladeshi sarkar Israel-er bhougol porichoy-er upor abashoi bishoyer dike chokh rakhe. Tara 2021 sale Israeli passport-er upor probas nisedh muchhe fele, kintu rajnokitik obostha abar shuru-er moto sthir roye. Bangladesh ekta bishal bhougol arthonitik engine toiri korechilo, kintu tar rajnoitik porichoy noishchoy kore je Israel-er sakkhor porichoy-ta protinidhi hote pare na.

Bharater biruddhe, Bharat bahu-madhuri-er shilpo master kore. New Delhi Israel-er sathe misail technology milke toiri kore ebong Tehran ebong shomriddho Gol-er rajjyo-er sathe bhalo rajnokitik jol rokhe rakhe. Tara ei somporko-guli alhada, swatantrik stambh hishebe mone kore, tader nijer rajnoitik labh-er biruddhe muchhe fele. Eta ekta jotil, purno obhigrahan-chara khamoter upor bhitti abhijog, je Pakistan ebong Bangladesh-ke ekti aro kothin rajnokitik obostha-er dike porishkar vabe bhorti kore.

Angsho II:

Systemic Poriborton ebong Porichoyer Bipod

Purono bibhajito rajjyer duti angshor birodh adhunik itihas-er sobcheye kothin arthonitir shikkha toiri kore. 1971 sale, Poshchim Pakistan purbo-ke shudhu ekta lute arthonitik strot hishebe mone korechilo. Aj, porishkar birodh: purono abhijukto-er upor ponrabar, puroner theke beshi sthir, prodhukari, ebong arthonitir dike beshi noishthik hoye utheche. Bangladesh global garment banijjye ekta sthir, boro engine toiri kore, sikkha, jiboner lomba somay, ebong mohila shromi obhijukti-er boro unnoyon toiri kore.

Dhormiyo aj-o boro bhoomika play kore, kichhu Bangladeshi nagorik-ke Pakistan-er saath ekta birodhi, obhigrahan-chara sangskritik sneho rakhte encourage kore, tader purbopuron-er sathe boro obhijit muchhe fele. Kintu, Bangladesh-er arthonitik bhitti tike somprodaiyoto, adhunik shomaj-er dike poth toiri kore, jodi rajnoitik shreni eta korte chaile.

Pakistan, er boddhe, ekta bhagna modhel-er upor tike, je setar poriborton korte parbe na. Desh-ta banchte pare na jodi setar rajnokitik obsession thake je desh-take unnoyon muchhe fele.

Pakistan-er rajjyo gothona puro vabe rajnokitik shakti-er dike toiri, je shastro shakti ke manusher obhigrahan-er theke beshi guruttopurno mone kore. Jokhon sainik elite-er obostha desher arthonitir boro angsho-er upor, desh-ta abar ekta sthir, porishkar shilpo toiri korte parbe na. Ei chirokalin bahirik sahajjo-er abhijog rajjyo-er DNA-ye bonded. Chaile Amerikari sainik mudra, chaile Chinese porishkar rinn, chaile Saudi tel rinn, mudra-ta sustainable arthonitir jonno eshe na; eta sthir birodh-er chidro muchhe fele. Eta ekta purno obhijit-chara byabostha: jokhon Pakistan-er rajjyo dekhe jeno muchhe fele, tader bahirik rinn-der obostha ar beshi motivate hoy ar ekta boro mudra diye rajnoitik bipod muchhe fele.

Boro bhoomi ebong jubok somuho-ke arthonitik labh hishebe thakle-o, Pakistan abar prai sob somoy puroner porajito-er pichone pore. Ei durashoyol obostha ebong sthir birodh banchte porichito dhormiyo sahajjo-er ekjon ekak rajjyo hishebe porichoy kore.

1971 sale Bangladesh-er jonmo shuru hoyeche lute-er viruddhe sidhdhanto, bhoy-er sathe. Bish bochor beshi, Poshchim Pakistan purbo-ke captive market-er moto mone korechilo, tader boro jute export-er mudra lute Poshchim-er industrial hub-er jonno, Bengali hridoy bhoomi-er kosto-er sathe. Jokhon 1970 saler nirbachon Awami League-ke prakritik loktantra-er udhesho diye, Poshchim Pakistan-er elite sainik jorur khati-er bodle jore kore. Operation Searchlight shesher bhoyonkor khati chhilo. Sainik-er systemik chhatro, intellektual, ebong Hindu minority-ke muchhe fele rajnoitik bibad-ke sidhdhanto banchte juddho-er dike rupoantor kore.

Jokhon golabar shuru shesh hoy, desh-ta purno vabe jole porinoto. Infrastructure bhagna, samajik fabric chire gelo, ebong manusher kosto bishal chhilo. Lakh-khokhok lok morar baire, notun rajjyo ekta bhoyonkor shasaner fankha face korechilo, kono kaj-er kormachari na, sthir sainik netritwo na, kono arthonitik reserve na. Prothom diner din-e boro durashoyol, bhoyonkor durashoyol, ebong desh-take purno vabe notun kore toiri kora kosto-r abhigrahan.

Arthonitik labh aste aste eshe, global garment banijjyer upor bhitti. Ei shilpor poriborton lokkho mohila krishak-ke shromik theke global export shakti-er solid backbone-e rupoantor kore. GDP unnoyon prai somosto padoshi-er upore, kintu systemik obostha bhitorer dike abar bishal durbol. Adhunik Bangladesh ekti birodhi, asubidhopurno madhyam obostha: dekhte arthonitik bijoyer golpo, kintu thamete protinidhi.

Infrastructure-er dike takan. Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant-er moto project, je dashok dhore Russian contractor-er sathe stuck, ba Dhaka-er sthir, noshto-tar moto traffic bipod, ekta rajjyo-ke dekhay je boro abhijog-ke purna korte parbe na. Desh-ta ekta birodhi-er madhyome kaj kore je raw gas export kore abar Singapore theke refined fuel import kore, ei abhyash tader bishal hard currency reserve-ke druto kore fele. Beshi kharcha bahirik rinn-er duniya-e, ekta notun subway line toiri kora lage puro porjayer.

Mukti-er por, adhunik rajjyoder bhitorko bishyal abhigrohon dorkar. Ghoriye gas porishkar kore, bhagna subway project-ke noishthik kore, ebong bahirik rinn-er upor depend muchhe fele - eita ekta rationol rajjyer baseline udhesho. Jodi sarkar adhin shakti erokom bhabe dhormiyo obostha-er sathe porishkar kore, desh-ta pash-diner modhye alhada hote.

Prakritik vabe, ei poriborton conservative goshti-ke bhoyonkor vabe muchhe fele je status quo-er sathe dhoni. Desh-take samajik porichoy-er theke purno vabe porichit rajnoitik obostha-ye rupoantor kora hobe khokhro ebong volatile. Eta lombo somoyer samajik swasthya ke immediate rajnoitik banchte theke beshi guruttopurno mone kore, tara rajnoitik elite-ke dorkar.

Erakom, somajik bhougol poriborton hote dekhe jekhane somprodaiyoto kothin sompodaiyotar utthan muchhe fele. 1971 sale-er mul rajnoitik porichoy, je bhashik gourab ebong kothin somprodaiyotar prashansa korechilo, aj abar conservative dhormiyo orthodoxy-er utthan-er sathe jukto. Loktontra-er prothokkhon, nostikota, ba madhyom toloshor rajnoitik jayga murore geche. Minority goshti, bishesh kore Hindu somuho, aste aste shima-ke muchhe fele, rajnoitik shreni dhormiyo base-ke sahajjo korte. Dhormiyo shikkha-prashthan aj mukti juddher por-er din theke beshi sangskritik prabhab royeche.

Ei obosthate boro birodh ache je bhoyonkor dhormiyo sobhota ebong desher abhishar dorkar adhunik biggan-er shikkha-r modhye. Konek classroom-e, biggan-er class dhormiyo doktrin-er abhijog theke kom. Ei systemik noshto ekta shromik-goshti toiri kore je proyogik innovation-er dharadhari chokh-er abhabe. Desh-ta Singapur theke refined fuel abar import kore, raw gas export kore, ei birodhi tader hard currency reserve-ke druto muchhe fele.

Rajnoitik shreni ei alochana muchhe fele. Tara soman-er chayga-er theke ekta shanto, manoniyo shomaj pasand kore. Jot din porjonto sashon dhormiyo abhigrahan ke somner dike byabohar kore, desh unnoyon-er khamata theke kom kore fele, ekta noshto, lukewarm sthan-e stuck. Desh-ta 1971 sale-er joler muche fele banchto, kintu abar ekta noshto, lukewarm sthan-e stuck.